Knowledge management simply means decision-making based on accurate information, obtained by analyzing data. Decision-making can be strategic, tactical, or operational, and often operational decision-making is highly automated.
Knowledge management is still defined somewhat lightly as decision-making supported by decision support systems—reports and dashboards—producing information for decision-making. According to this definition, advanced analytics would be something that comes in addition to knowledge management.
When knowledge management is defined as reports and dashboards, the challenge lies primarily in the perspective: the focus is in the rearview mirror, and diagnostics provide reasons only for why something already happened. In general, it is useless to do flashy tricks when the horse has already left the barn.
What if the perspective could be turned towards the future: what does analytics tell us from which we could learn and predict the effects of actions and events?
Analytics refers to the analysis of data to solve a question. Artificial intelligence, on the other hand, can be defined as analytics based on machine learning combined with automation.
For us, there is no such thing as knowledge management that requires additional analytics or artificial intelligence.
The business benefits in knowledge management are found in the term itself: knowledge management shifts business from intuition-based management to knowledge and data based. Data-driven business and its development are not based on guesswork, luck, or opinions, but always rely on data and the information derived from it, processed into understanding on which decision-making is based.
All business is ultimately human, and because of that, the temptation to make decisions based on emotions is significant. When there is accurate historical data and an understanding of what has worked and what hasn't behind business decisions, decision-making shifts from emotion-based to fact-based.
As a result, the accuracy of decisions improves, making the business more effective.
When decision-making is real-time and forward-looking, instead of mere ad hoc reactions, the perspective of business shifts from the rearview mirror to the crystal ball.
For example, rather than looking at a map of where maintenance workers are currently, advanced location analytics could be used to optimize maintenance targets automatically.
So, knowledge management delivers relevant information to the right processes at the right time, resulting in better decisions for business development.
The decision-maker can be a human or a machine. Data-driven management can provide business with, for example, additional sales opportunities, streamline processes, create entirely new business possibilities, and generate significant cost savings.
If a customer service representative isn't even aware that a customer is dissatisfied, how can customer retention be prevented?
When decision-making in practical work is enhanced with advanced analytics, it becomes easy to choose the right actions and words, leading to increased customer satisfaction—and sales as a result.
Knowledge management enables various revolutions in business, but when used incorrectly (or more precisely, misunderstood), the benefits get lost.
Here are a few examples of pitfalls in knowledge management:
For instance, if the only analytics on sales situations come from monthly performance reports, quick responses to changes become impossible, and predicting the future relies largely on guesswork.
If dashboards are created solely for the purpose of creating a visually appealing representation of data, the utilization of data in data-driven management remains rather thin.
In surprisingly many situations, a machine's ability to make decisions surpasses human skills—and yet in many situations, a human is still the one pressing the OK button.
For some reason, mistakes made by humans, which happen constantly, are accepted, but a machine is not allowed to make a mistake ever.
Utilizing open data effectively enriches the information obtained from a company's own systems.
For example, if traffic congestion is predicted solely based on the traffic volume data collected by the company, neglecting the use of open weather data, the estimate may not be very accurate.
A map view of the destruction caused by a forest fire only tells what has already been destroyed.
It is more useful to generate a predictive model of the fire's spread and provide pre-digested information to firefighting units.
What does modern knowledge management mean – what new tools have been introduced into the toolkit to avoid old pitfalls? In our view, modern knowledge management encompasses all analytics – up to prescriptive analytics predicting optimal practices.
Modern knowledge management requires the organization to have the ability to evolve and adapt comprehensively. Especially in the following areas, all pieces of the puzzle must be in place for modern knowledge management to be possible in the organization:
The adaptability of culture is the essence of data-driven management.
If business decision-making is based on gut feelings, sophisticated guesses, and a childlike belief that we truly know our customers, a complete shift in mindset is required.
To ensure that data-driven management doesn't appear as an oversized monster to the staff, its benefits should be highlighted through examples.
A key factor in creating a data-driven management culture is for the staff to integrate analytics into their own work and genuinely see the benefits from it.
Data-driven management, of course, requires a lot of technical expertise for building integrations, transforming data from one platform to another, cleaning up the right information, implementing analytical models, and so on.
However, often the most challenging aspect to manage is the ability to understand the business: why data is collected and what is the goal of analytics?
Especially in many large organizations, data tends to rest in silos.
Each business unit has its own budget, and when it comes time to build a common data platform, the critical question becomes whose budget the funds will come from.
For this reason, it is important for the organization to have a Chief Data Officer (CDO) or a person responsible for analytics who can work across organizational silos.
Technology is an important component but not an end in itself. The technologies used should be chosen based on the situation and business needs, taking into account existing solutions.
Sometimes this requires investing in a completely new solution and abandoning the old, while other times existing technology should simply be utilized more efficiently.
The difference between pioneers and laggards in data-driven management is staggering. Some organizations have embedded data-driven practices since the beginning, while others rely on basic reporting. In many companies, artificial intelligence has been set as a goal by leadership, but the benefits of AI pilots to the business tend to remain thin for several reasons.
Many organizations are not even aware of their level of data-driven management and how they compare to competitors. This can pose significant challenges in measuring the results of data-driven management.
It is crucial for an organization to understand its strengths and weaknesses in various aspects of data management. This understanding helps identify and respond to risks while leveraging strengths more effectively.
Our built data-driven management maturity model measures the maturity of data-driven management using fifteen indicators in total. The indicators are divided into three categories, which partially overlap.
Here is our model in all its glory (click the image to open it in full screen):
Success in modern knowledge management is primarily dependent on courage and an open-minded attitude: experiment agilely, dare to fail, learn from your mistakes, and scale your successes into new business processes. Analytics can be utilized with the data that is available, such as data from your own databases combined with information from open data sources.
Usually, a surprising amount of information can be obtained even if the data is siloed—both internal and external data repositories often hold a wealth of untapped potential.